German military ammunition

Georg Luger’s 9 mm Parabellum (1902) is the pistol round of the German army from the Pistole 08 onward. In German documents it is Pistolenpatrone 08. Case length is 19 mm; it is not 9 mm Browning Short, not 9 mm Steyr, and not 9×25 Mauser Export.

Standard ball was a 8 g jacketed round-nose at roughly 320–350 m/s from a P08 barrel. Sub-machine guns (MP 38/40) used the same cartridge; they did not have a separate ‘MP only’ ball as a collector category, though lots were packed and marked for machine-pistol use.

Wartime production moved from brass to steel cases (often lacquered). Headstamps carry factory code, date, and delivery. Collectors should photograph the headstamp before arguing about a ‘rare’ load. Corrosion on steel-case 9 mm is ordinary, not a factory defect.

Identification errors: 9 mm Luger dummy and exercise rounds (Platzpatrone) with wooden or crimped bullets are not live ball. Postwar 9 mm NATO and commercial 9 mm Parabellum are the same cartridge family, not German military lots.

The 7.92×57 (commercially ‘8 mm Mauser’) is the reason the Gewehr 98 and K98k exist. German military nomenclature is 7,9 mm. Do not confuse the I-bore 8×57 I (0.318 in) sporting round with the IS / JS 8×57 (0.323 in) military bullet. A military 98 barrel is the IS diameter.

1905 S-Patrone: 10 g pointed (Spitz) bullet, replacing the earlier round-nose 1888/S88 family. 1933–34 sS (schweres Spitzgeschoss): 12.8 g pointed boat-tail, adopted as the standard for both rifle and machine gun so that one ball served the squad. Trajectory and barrel wear differ from S-Patrone; a 1938 K98k was regulated for sS.

Machine-gun belts were often sS. SmK (Spitzgeschoss mit Kern) is steel-core armour-piercing. SmK L’spur is AP tracer. SmE (mit Eisenkern) is a wartime iron-core ball meant to save lead. S.m.K.H. is a rare tungsten-core AP. Colour of the bullet tip and primer annulus is the field identification — photograph it.

Cases: brass through the 1930s; steel (Stahlhülse) dominates 1942–45, often lacquered. Headstamps: factory code, date, delivery. Polish, Czech, and Austrian 8 mm Mauser lots are not German military 7,9 unless so marked. Israeli 7.62 NATO conversions in this gallery are a later chambering, not 7.92.

7.92×33 Kurz is the German intermediate cartridge: more than a pistol round, less than sS rifle ball. It was developed so a soldier could carry more ammunition and control automatic fire from the shoulder. The Sturmgewehr 44 (and MP 43/44) is the service weapon. A K98k will not chamber it; an MG 42 will not feed it.

The case is 33 mm, bottlenecked, usually steel. The bullet is pointed and of rifle form but lighter and shorter than sS. Headstamps follow the same factory-code system as other small-arms ammunition. Collectors should measure case length before listing a round as Kurz. A 7.92×57 with a pulled or damaged neck is not Kurz.

This cartridge is historically the break from the 1898 full-power rifle idea. It belongs in a Mauser gallery as context: the K98k remained the standard rifle, while the Kurz round and the Sturmgewehr were the parallel 1943–45 system. Do not describe a 7.92×33 rifle as a ‘short K98k’.

Postwar 7.62×39 and 5.56×45 are different intermediate families. They are useful comparisons, not German Kurz ammunition. Surplus 7.92×33 is scarce; fakes and mixed boxes exist. Photograph the headstamp and a scale.

TuF is the cartridge, not the rifle. German lists: 13 × 92 mm HR (Halbrand), developed by Polte of Magdeburg with Mauser. English: 13.2 mm TuF (Tank und Flieger). The same round was meant for the MG 18 TuF Maxim of 1919. That gun was late. The Tankgewehr fired it in 1918. Collectors who say ‘TuF Gewehr’ are using a convenient label.

Projectile weight on German plates is about 52 g (English often 51.5 g / 795 gr). de.Wikipedia: streamlined Vollmantelgeschoss 64 mm long, 13.46 mm diameter, with a Stahlkern 10.4 mm across and 51.6 mm long. German blogs (Feuerkampf und Taktik) and dealers: Stahlkern or Hartkern. Muzzle velocity about 770–785 m/s from the long Tankgewehr barrel. German penetration: 20–25 mm Panzerstahl at 100 m.

Tungsten. English and workshop notes often call the core tungsten steel (Wolframstahl). That wording means hard tool steel alloyed with tungsten — a Hartkern — not a solid Wolfram penetrator of the later 7.92 mm SmK(H) type. German Wikipedia does not say Wolframkern. This catalogue records both: German Stahlkern / Hartkern of ~52 g, and the English ‘tungsten steel’ note, and does not treat the 1918 round as a tungsten-cored WWII cartridge.

The case is ~92 mm, semi-rimmed, bottlenecked. It will not chamber in a 7.92 rifle. British tanks answered first with thicker factory plate (Mark IV ~12 mm against the K bullet; Mark V thicker still) and by keeping moving: a 13 mm hole did not always stop the machine unless crew or engine were hit. Photograph headstamps. This site does not publish loading data. Do not load modern 13 mm sporting ammunition in a Tankgewehr.